Retirement & Planning

Roth 401(k) Conversion Calculator

This calculator will show the advantage, if any, of converting your pre-tax 401(k) to a Roth 401(k).

Inputs
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Estimates only. Adjust any value to recalculate instantly.

Results
Roth conversion advantage $85,133 after a $24,000 conversion tax bill
Conversion tax now $24,000
Roth value (tax-free) $386,968
If not converted (after tax) $301,835
Net advantage $85,133
After-tax value in retirement
After-tax value in retirement Roth (converted): $387kTraditional (after tax): $302k
  • Roth (converted) $387k
  • Traditional (after tax) $302k
After-tax value Roth (converted)Traditional (after tax)
After-tax value: Roth (converted) vs Traditional (after tax) $689k$517k$344k$172k$0 Yr 1Yr 4Yr 7Yr 10Yr 13Yr 16Yr 19

Converting and paying the $24,000 tax from outside money lets the full $100,000 grow tax-free. This wins when your retirement tax rate is at or above today's — and removes future RMDs.

After-tax value by yearView table
YearRoth (converted)Traditional (after-tax)Advantage
1$107,000$83,460$23,540
2$114,490$89,302$25,188
3$122,504$95,553$26,951
4$131,080$102,242$28,838
5$140,255$109,399$30,856
6$150,073$117,057$33,016
7$160,578$125,251$35,327
8$171,819$134,019$37,800
9$183,846$143,400$40,446
10$196,715$153,438$43,277
11$210,485$164,178$46,307
12$225,219$175,671$49,548
13$240,985$187,968$53,017
14$257,853$201,126$56,728
15$275,903$215,204$60,699
16$295,216$230,269$64,948
17$315,882$246,388$69,494
18$337,993$263,635$74,359
19$361,653$282,089$79,564
20$386,968$301,835$85,133

How the roth 401(k) conversion calculator works

It treats an in-plan conversion of pre-tax 401(k) money to Roth: tax is paid now, then the balance grows tax-free. It compares that to leaving the money pre-tax and taxing it at withdrawal.

Worked example

Worked example: with 401(k) amount to convert of $100,000, tax rate on the conversion of 24.00% and annual return of 7.00%, the roth 401(k) conversion calculator shows roth conversion advantage of $85,133.

Conversion tax now
$24,000
Roth value (tax-free)
$386,968
If not converted (after tax)
$301,835
Net advantage
$85,133

The formula

Roth value = amount × (1 + return)^years. Pre-tax after-tax = amount × (1 + return)^years × (1 − retirement tax rate). Conversion tax = amount × today’s rate.

Results are estimates for educational purposes and are not financial advice. Confirm exact figures with your lender, plan administrator or advisor.

Frequently asked

Questions about the roth 401(k) conversion calculator

What is an in-plan Roth conversion?

Moving pre-tax money already in your 401(k) into the Roth side of the same plan. You pay income tax on the converted amount now, and it then grows and is withdrawn tax-free.

When should I do an in-plan conversion?

When you expect higher taxes later, can pay the tax from outside money, and want to build a tax-free bucket. A lower-income year is an ideal time to convert.

Does the conversion trigger a penalty?

The conversion itself is taxed but not penalized. However, converted amounts have their own 5-year clock for penalty-free withdrawal of earnings — confirm the rules before tapping it early.

Is the Roth 401(k) Conversion Calculator free to use?

Yes. Every calculator on FinCalculators is completely free, with no sign-up, login or paywall. You can run as many scenarios as you like.